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NAME

       ftp - ARPANET file transfer program

SYNOPSIS

       ftp [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-k realm] [-f] [-x] [-u] [-t] [host]

DESCRIPTION

       FTP  is  the  user  interface  to  the  ARPANET  standard File Transfer
       Protocol.  The program allows a user to transfer files to  and  from  a
       remote network site.

OPTIONS

       Options  may  be  specified  at  the  command  line,  or to the command
       interpreter.

       -v     Verbose option forces ftp to show all responses from the  remote
              server, as well as report on data transfer statistics.

       -n     Restrains   ftp  from  attempting  ‘‘auto-login’’  upon  initial
              connection.  If auto-login is enabled, ftp will check the .netrc
              (see  below)  file  in  the  user’s  home directory for an entry
              describing an account  on  the  remote  machine.   If  no  entry
              exists,  ftp  will  prompt  for  the  remote  machine login name
              (default is the user identity on the  local  machine),  and,  if
              necessary,  prompt  for  a password and an account with which to
              login.

       -u     Restrains  ftp  from  attempting  ‘‘auto-authentication’’   upon
              initial  connection.   If  auto-authentication  is  enabled, ftp
              attempts to authenticate to the FTP server by sending  the  AUTH
              command,   using  whichever  authentication  types  are  locally
              supported.   Once  an  authentication  type  is   accepted,   an
              authentication  protocol  will proceed by issuing ADAT commands.
              This option also disables auto-login.

       -i     Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file  transfers.

       -d     Enables debugging.

       -g     Disables file name globbing.

       -f     Causes credentials to be forwarded to the remote host.

       -x     Causes  the  client to attempt to negotiate encryption (data and
              command  protection  levels   ‘‘private’’)   immediately   after
              successfully authenticating.

       -t     Enables packet tracing.

COMMANDS

       The  client  host  with which ftp is to communicate may be specified on
       the command line.  If this is done, ftp  will  immediately  attempt  to
       establish  a  connection  to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp
       will enter its command interpreter  and  await  instructions  from  the
       user.   When ftp is awaiting commands from the user the prompt ‘‘ftp>’’
       is provided to the user.  The following commands are recognized by ftp:

       ! [command] [args]]
              Invoke  an interactive shell on the local machine.  If there are
              arguments, the first  is  taken  to  be  a  command  to  execute
              directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments.

       $ macro-name [args]
              Execute  the  macro  macro-name that was defined with the macdef
              command.  Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed.

       account [passwd]
              Supply a supplemental password required by a remote  system  for
              access   to   resources  once  a  login  has  been  successfully
              completed.  If  no  argument  is  included,  the  user  will  be
              prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode.

       append local-file [remote-file]
              Append a local file to a file on the remote machine.  If remote-
              file is left unspecified, the local file name is used in  naming
              the  remote  file  after  being  altered  by  any ntrans or nmap
              setting.  File transfer uses  the  current  settings  for  type,
              format, mode, and structure.

       ascii  Set  the  file  transfer  type  to  network ASCII .  This is the
              default type.

       bell   Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer  command
              is completed.

       binary Set the file transfer type to support binary file transfer.

       bye    Terminate  the  FTP session with the remote server and exit ftp.
              An end of file will also terminate the session and exit.

       case   Toggle remote  computer  file  name  case  mapping  during  mget
              commands.   When  case  is  on (default is off), remote computer
              file names with all letters in upper case  are  written  in  the
              local directory with the letters mapped to lower case.

       ccc    Turn  off  integrity  protection  on  the command channel.  This
              command must be sent integrity protected, and must be  proceeded
              by  a  successful  ADAT  command.   Since  turning off integrity
              protection potentially allows an  attacker  to  insert  commands
              onto  the  command channel, some FTP servers may refuse to honor
              this command.

       cd remote-directory
              Change the working directory on the remote  machine  to  remote-
              directory.

       cdup   Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of the
              current remote machine working directory.

       chmod mode file-name
              Change the permission modes of the file file-name on the  remote
              system to mode.

       clear  Set  the protection level on data transfers to ‘‘clear’’.  If no
              ADAT command succeeded, then  this  is  the  default  protection
              level.

       close  Terminate  the FTP session with the remote server, and return to
              the command interpreter.  Any defined macros are erased.

       cprotect [protection-level]
              Set the protection level on commands to  protection-level.   The
              valid  protection levels are ‘‘clear’’ for unprotected commands,
              ‘‘safe’’  for  commands  integrity  protected  by  cryptographic
              checksum,  and  ‘‘private’’  for  commands  confidentiality  and
              integrity  protected  by  encryption.   If   an   ADAT   command
              succeeded,   then   the  default  command  protection  level  is
              ‘‘safe’’, otherwise the only possible level is ‘‘clear’’.  If no
              level  is  specified,  the  current  level is printed.  cprotect
              clear is equivalent to the ccc command.

       cr     Toggle  carriage  return  stripping  during  ascii   type   file
              retrieval.   Records  are  denoted by a carriage return/linefeed
              sequence during ascii type file transfer.  When cr  is  on  (the
              default),  carriage  returns  are stripped from this sequence to
              conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter.  Records
              on non-UNIX remote systems may contain single linefeeds; when an
              ascii  type  transfer  is   made,   these   linefeeds   may   be
              distinguished from a record delimiter only when cr is off.

       delete remote-file
              Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine.

       debug [debug-value]
              Toggle  debugging mode.  If an optional debug-value is specified
              it is used to set the debugging level.  When  debugging  is  on,
              ftp  prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by
              the string ‘-->’

       dir [remote-directory] [local-file]
              Print a listing of the  directory  contents  in  the  directory,
              remote-directory,  and, optionally, placing the output in local-
              file.  If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the  user
              to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file
              for receiving dir output.  If no  directory  is  specified,  the
              current  working directory on the remote machine is used.  If no
              local file is specified, or local-file is ‘-’, output  comes  to
              the terminal.

       disconnect
              A synonym for close.

       form format
              Set  the  file  transfer  form to format.  The default format is
              ‘‘file’’.

       get remote-file [local-file]
              Retrieve the file remote-file and store it on the local machine.
              If  the  local  file name is not specified, it is given the same
              name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by  the
              current  case,  ntrans, and nmap settings.  The current settings
              for type, form, mode, and structure are used while  transferring
              the file.

       glob   Toggle  filename  expansion  for  mdelete,  mget,  and mput.  If
              globbing is turned off with glob, the file  name  arguments  are
              taken  literally and not expanded.  Globbing for mput is done as
              in csh(1).  For mdelete and  mget,  each  remote  file  name  is
              expanded  separately on the remote machine and the lists are not
              merged.  Expansion of a directory name is likely to be different
              from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result
              depends on the foreign operating system and ftp server, and  can
              be  previewed  by doing ‘mls remote-files -’ Note: mget and mput
              are not meant to transfer entire directory  subtrees  of  files.
              That can be done by transferring a tar(1) archive of the subtree
              (in binary mode).

       hash   Toggle  hash-sign  (‘‘#’’)  printing   for   each   data   block
              transferred.  The size of a data block is 1024 bytes.

       help [command]
              Print  an  informative message about the meaning of command.  If
              no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the known commands.

       idle [seconds]
              Set the  inactivity  timer  on  the  remote  server  to  seconds
              seconds.  If seconds is omitted, the current inactivity timer is
              printed.

       lcd [directory]
              Change the working  directory  on  the  local  machine.   If  no
              directory is specified, the user’s home directory is used.

       ls [remote-directory] [local-file]
              Print  a  listing  of  the contents of a directory on the remote
              machine.  The listing includes any system-dependent  information
              that  the  server  chooses  to  include;  for example, most UNIX
              systems will produce output from the command ‘ls -l’.  (See also
              nlist.)   If  remote-directory  is left unspecified, the current
              working directory is used.  If interactive prompting is on,  ftp
              will  prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed
              the target local file for receiving ls output.  If no local file
              is specified, or if local-file is ‘-’, the output is sent to the
              terminal.

       macdefmacro-name
              Define a macro.  Subsequent lines are stored as the macro macro-
              name;  a  null line (consecutive newline characters in a file or
              carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode.
              There  is  a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all
              defined macros.  Macros remain defined until a close command  is
              executed.  The macro processor interprets ‘$’ and ‘\’ as special
              characters.  A ‘$’ followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced
              by  the  corresponding  argument on the macro invocation command
              line.  A ‘$’ followed by an ‘i’  signals  that  macro  processor
              that  the  executing  macro  is to be looped.  On the first pass
              ‘$i’ is replaced by the first argument on the  macro  invocation
              command  line,  on  the second pass it is replaced by the second
              argument, and so  on.   A  ‘\’  followed  by  any  character  is
              replaced  by  that  character.   Use  the ‘\’ to prevent special
              treatment of the ‘$’.

       mdelete [remote-files]
              Delete remote-files on the remote machine.

       mdir remote-files local-file
              Like dir, except multiple remote files  may  be  specified.   If
              interactive  prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify
              that the last argument is  indeed  the  target  local  file  for
              receiving mdir output.

       mget remote-files
              Expand  the  remote-files on the remote machine and do a get for
              each file name thus produced.   See  glob  for  details  on  the
              filename expansion.  Resulting file names will then be processed
              according  to  case,  ntrans,  and  nmap  settings.   Files  are
              transferred  into  the  local  working  directory,  which can be
              changed with ‘lcd  directory’;  new  local  directories  can  be
              created with ‘! mkdir directory’.

       mkdir directory-name
              Make a directory on the remote machine.

       mls remote-files local-file
              Like  nlist,  except multiple remote files may be specified, and
              the local-file must be specified.  If interactive  prompting  is
              on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is
              indeed the target local file for receiving mls output.

       mode [mode-name]
              Set the file transfer mode to mode-name.  The  default  mode  is
              ‘‘stream’’ mode.

       modtime file-name
              Show  the  last  modification  time  of  the  file on the remote
              machine.

       mput local-files
              Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as  arguments
              and  do a put for each file in the resulting list.  See glob for
              details of filename expansion.  Resulting file names  will  then
              be processed according to ntrans and nmap settings.

       newer file-name
              Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file is
              more recent that the file on the current system.   If  the  file
              does  not  exist  on  the  current  system,  the  remote file is
              considered newer.  Otherwise, this command is identical to  get.

       nlist [remote-directory] [local-file]
              Print  a list of the files in a directory on the remote machine.
              If remote-directory is left  unspecified,  the  current  working
              directory  is  used.   If  interactive prompting is on, ftp will
              prompt the user to verify that the last argument is  indeed  the
              target  local file for receiving nlist output.  If no local file
              is specified, or if local-file is ‘-’, the output is sent to the
              terminal.

       nmap [inpattern outpattern]
              Set  or  unset  the filename mapping mechanism.  If no arguments
              are specified, the filename  mapping  mechanism  is  unset.   If
              arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during mput
              commands and put commands  issued  without  a  specified  remote
              target  filename.   If  arguments are specified, local filenames
              are mapped during mget commands and get commands issued  without
              a  specified local target filename.  This command is useful when
              connecting to  non-UNIX  remote  computer  with  different  file
              naming  conventions  or  practices.   The  mapping  follows  the
              pattern set by  inpattern  and  outpattern.   [Inpattern]  is  a
              template  for  incoming  filenames  (which may have already been
              processed according to the ntrans and case settings).   Variable
              templating  is  accomplished  by  including  the sequences ‘$1’,
              ‘$2’, ..., ‘$9’ in inpattern.  Use ‘\’ to prevent  this  special
              treatment  of  the  ‘$’  character.   All  other  characters are
              treated  literally,  and  are  used  to   determine   the   nmap
              [inpattern] variable values.  For example, given inpattern $1.$2
              and the remote file name "mydata.data", $1 would have the  value
              "mydata",  and  $2  would have the value "data".  The outpattern
              determines the resulting mapped filename.  The  sequences  ‘$1’,
              ‘$2’,  ...,  ‘$9’  are  replaced by any value resulting from the
              inpattern  template.   The  sequence  ‘$0’  is  replace  by  the
              original filename.  Additionally, the sequence ‘[seq1, seq2]’ is
              replaced by [seq1] if seq1 is not a null string; otherwise it is
              replaced by seq2.  For example, the command

                   nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file]

              would   yield   the  output  filename  "myfile.data"  for  input
              filenames "myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for
              the  input  filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the input
              filename ".myfile".  Spaces may be included in outpattern, as in
              the  example:  ‘nmap  $1  sed  "s/  *$//"  >  $1’.   Use the ‘\’
              character to prevent special treatment of the  ‘$’,’[’,’]’,  and
              ‘,’ characters.

       ntrans [inchars [outchars]]
              Set  or  unset the filename character translation mechanism.  If
              no arguments are specified, the filename  character  translation
              mechanism  is  unset.  If arguments are specified, characters in
              remote filenames are translated during  mput  commands  and  put
              commands  issued without a specified remote target filename.  If
              arguments are  specified,  characters  in  local  filenames  are
              translated  during mget commands and get commands issued without
              a specified local target filename.  This command is useful  when
              connecting  to  a  non-UNIX  remote computer with different file
              naming conventions  or  practices.   Characters  in  a  filename
              matching   a   character   in  inchars  are  replaced  with  the
              corresponding  character  in  outchars.   If   the   character’s
              position  in  inchars is longer than the length of outchars, the
              character is deleted from the file name.

       open host [port] [-forward]
              Establish a connection to the specified  host  FTP  server.   An
              optional  port  number  may be supplied, in which case, ftp will
              attempt to contact an FTP server at that  port.   If  the  auto-
              authenticate  option  is  on  (default),  ftp  will  attempt  to
              authenticate to the FTP server  by  sending  the  AUTH  command,
              using   whichever   authentication   types   which  are  locally
              supported.   Once  an  authentication  type  is   accepted,   an
              authentication  protocol  will proceed by issuing ADAT commands.
              If the auto-login option is on (default), ftp will also  attempt
              to  automatically log the user in to the FTP server (see below).
              If the -forward option is specified, ftp will forward a copy  of
              the user’s Kerberos tickets to the remote host.

       passive
              Toggle  passive data transfer mode.  In passive mode, the client
              initiates the data connection by listening  on  the  data  port.
              Passive   mode  may  be  necessary  for  operation  from  behind
              firewalls which do not permit incoming connections.

       private
              Set the protection level on data transfers to ‘‘private’’.  Data
              transmissions  are  confidentiality  and  integrity protected by
              encryption.   If  no  ADAT  command  succeeded,  then  the  only
              possible level is ‘‘clear’’.

       prompt Toggle  interactive  prompting.   Interactive  prompting  occurs
              during multiple file transfers to allow the user to  selectively
              retrieve or store files.  If prompting is turned off (default is
              on), any mget or mput will transfer all files, and  any  mdelete
              will delete all files.

       protect [protection-level]
              Set  the protection level on data transfers to protection-level.
              The valid protection levels are ‘‘clear’’ for  unprotected  data
              transmissions,   ‘‘safe’’   for   data  transmissions  integrity
              protected by cryptographic checksum, and  ‘‘private’’  for  data
              transmissions   confidentiality   and   integrity  protected  by
              encryption.   If  no  ADAT  command  succeeded,  then  the  only
              possible  level  is  ‘‘clear’’.   If  no level is specified, the
              current level is  printed.   The  default  protection  level  is
              ‘‘clear’’.

       proxy ftp-command
              Execute  an ftp command on a secondary control connection.  This
              command allows simultaneous connection to two remote ftp servers
              for transferring files between the two servers.  The first proxy
              command should be an open , to establish the  secondary  control
              connection.   Enter  the  command  "proxy  ?"  to  see other ftp
              commands executable on the secondary connection.  The  following
              commands  behave  differently  when prefaced by proxy: open will
              not define new macros during the auto-login process, close  will
              not  erase  existing  macro  definitions,  get and mget transfer
              files from the host on the primary  control  connection  to  the
              host  on  the  secondary  control connection, and put, mput, and
              append transfer files from the host  on  the  secondary  control
              connection to the host on the primary control connection.  Third
              party file transfers depend upon support  of  the  ftp  protocol
              PASV  command by the server on the secondary control connection.

       put local-file [remote-file]
              Store a local file on the remote  machine.   If  remote-file  is
              left  unspecified,  the local file name is used after processing
              according to any ntrans or nmap settings in  naming  the  remote
              file.  File transfer uses the current settings for type, format,
              mode, and structure.

       pwd    Print the name of the current working directory  on  the  remote
              machine.

       quit   A synonym for bye.

       quote arg1 [arg2] [...]
              The  arguments  specified  are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP
              server.

       recv remote-file [local-file]
              A synonym for get.

       reget remote-file [local-file]
              Reget acts like get, except that if  local-file  exists  and  is
              smaller  than  remote-file,  local-file  is  presumed  to  be  a
              partially transferred copy of remote-file and  the  transfer  is
              continued  from  the apparent point of failure.  This command is
              useful when transferring very large files over networks that are
              prone to dropping connections.

       remotehelp [command-name]
              Request  help  from the remote FTP server.  If a command-name is
              specified it is supplied to the server as well.

       remotestatus [file-name]
              With no arguments, show status of remote machine.  If  file-name
              is specified, show status of file-name on remote machine.

       rename [from] [to]
              Rename the file from on the remote machine, to the file to.

       reset  Clear  reply  queue.  This command re-synchronizes command/reply
              sequencing with the remote ftp server.  Resynchronization may be
              necessary  following  a  violation  of  the  ftp protocol by the
              remote server.

       restart marker
              Restart the immediately following get or put  at  the  indicated
              marker.   On  UNIX systems, marker is usually a byte offset into
              the file.

       rmdir directory-name
              Delete a directory on the remote machine.

       runique
              Toggle  storing  of  files  on  the  local  system  with  unique
              filenames.   If  a  file already exists with a name equal to the
              target local filename for a get  or  mget  command,  a  ".1"  is
              appended  to  the  name.   If the resulting name matches another
              existing file, a ".2" is appended to the original name.  If this
              process  continues up to ".99", an error message is printed, and
              the transfer does not take place.  The generated unique filename
              will be reported.  Note that runique will not affect local files
              generated from a shell command (see below).  The  default  value
              is off.

       safe   Set  the  protection  level on data transfers to ‘‘safe’’.  Data
              transmissions are integrity-protected by cryptographic checksum.
              If  no  ADAT  command succeeded, then the only possible level is
              ‘‘clear’’.

       send local-file [remote-file]
              A synonym for put.

       sendport
              Toggle the use of PORT commands.  By default, ftp  will  attempt
              to  use  a  PORT command when establishing a connection for each
              data transfer.  The use of PORT commands can prevent delays when
              performing  multiple file transfers.  If the PORT command fails,
              ftp will use the default  data  port.   When  the  use  of  PORT
              commands  is  disabled,  no  attempt  will  be  made to use PORT
              commands for each data transfer.  This is useful for certain FTP
              implementations  which do ignore PORT commands but, incorrectly,
              indicate they’ve been accepted.

       site arg1 [arg2] [...]
              The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to  the  remote  FTP
              server as a SITE command.

       size file-name
              Return size of file-name on remote machine.

       status Show the current status of ftp.

       struct struct-name
              Set  the  file  transfer  structure  to struct-name.  By default
              ‘‘stream’’ structure is used.

       sunique
              Toggle storing of files on  remote  machine  under  unique  file
              names.  Remote ftp server must support ftp protocol STOU command
              for successful completion.  The remote server will report unique
              name.  Default value is off.

       system Show the type of operating system running on the remote machine.

       tenex  Set the file transfer type to  that  needed  to  talk  to  TENEX
              machines.

       trace  Toggle packet tracing.

       type [type-name]
              Set  the  file  transfer  type  to  type-name.   If  no  type is
              specified, the current type is printed.   The  default  type  is
              network ASCII.

       umask [newmask]
              Set  the  default  umask  on  the  remote server to newmask.  If
              newmask is omitted, the current umask is printed.

       user user-name [password] [account]
              Identify yourself to the remote FTP server.  If the password  is
              not  specified  and  the server requires it, ftp will prompt the
              user for it (after disabling local echo).  If an  account  field
              is  not specified, and the FTP server requires it, the user will
              be prompted for it.   If  an  account  field  is  specified,  an
              account  command  will be relayed to the remote server after the
              login sequence is completed if the remote server did not require
              it  for  logging  in.  Unless ftp is invoked with ‘‘auto-login’’
              disabled,  this  process  is  done  automatically   on   initial
              connection to the FTP server.

       verbose
              Toggle  verbose  mode.   In verbose mode, all responses from the
              FTP server are displayed to the user.  In addition,  if  verbose
              is  on, when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the
              efficiency of the transfer are reported.  By default, verbose is
              on.

        ? [command]
              A synonym for help.

       Command  arguments  which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote
       ‘"’ marks.

ABORTING A FILE TRANSFER

       To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl-
       C).  Sending transfers will be immediately halted.  Receiving transfers
       will be halted by sending a FTP protocol ABOR  command  to  the  remote
       server,  and  discarding any further data received.  The speed at which
       this is accomplished depends upon the remote server’s support for  ABOR
       processing.  If the remote server does not support the ABOR command, an
       ‘ftp>’ prompt will not appear until the  remote  server  has  completed
       sending the requested file.

       The  terminal  interrupt  key  sequence  will  be  ignored when ftp has
       completed any local processing and is awaiting a reply from the  remote
       server.   A long delay in this mode may result from the ABOR processing
       described above, or from unexpected  behavior  by  the  remote  server,
       including  violations  of  the ftp protocol.  If the delay results from
       unexpected remote server behavior, the local ftp program must be killed
       by hand.

FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS

       Files specified as arguments to ftp commands are processed according to
       the following rules.

       1.     If the file name ‘-’ is specified, stdin (for reading) or stdout
              (for writing) is used.

       2.     If the first character of the file name is ‘|’, the remainder of
              the argument is interpreted as a shell command.  Ftp then  forks
              a  shell,  using  popen(3) with the argument supplied, and reads
              from (writes to) stdout (stdin).  If the shell command  includes
              spaces,  the  argument  must  be quoted; e.g.  ‘‘" ls -lt"’’.  A
              particularly useful example of this mechanism is: ‘‘dir  more’’.

       3.     Failing the above checks, if ‘‘globbing’’ is enabled, local file
              names are expanded according to the rules used in  csh(1);  c.f.
              the  glob  command.   If  the ftp command expects a single local
              file (.e.g.  put), only the  first  filename  generated  by  the
              ‘‘globbing’’ operation is used.

       4.     For  mget  commands and get commands with unspecified local file
              names, the local filename is the remote filename, which  may  be
              altered  by  a  case,  ntrans,  or  nmap setting.  The resulting
              filename may then be altered if runique is on.

       5.     For mput commands and put commands with unspecified remote  file
              names,  the  remote filename is the local filename, which may be
              altered by a ntrans or nmap setting.  The resulting filename may
              then be altered by the remote server if sunique is on.

FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS

       The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file
       transfer.  The type  may  be  one  of  ‘‘ascii’’,  ‘‘image’’  (binary),
       ‘‘ebcdic’’, and ‘‘local byte size’’ (mostly for PDP-10’s and PDP-20’s).
       Ftp supports the ascii and image types of  file  transfer,  plus  local
       byte size 8 for tenex mode transfers.

       Ftp  supports  only  the default values for the remaining file transfer
       parameters: mode, form, and struct.

THE .netrc FILE

       The .netrc file contains login and initialization information  used  by
       the  auto-login process.  It resides in the user’s home directory.  The
       following tokens are recognized; they may be separated by spaces, tabs,
       or new-lines:

       machine name
              Identify a remote machine name.  The auto-login process searches
              the .netrc file for a machine  token  that  matches  the  remote
              machine  specified on the ftp command line or as an open command
              argument.  Once a match is made, the  subsequent  .netrc  tokens
              are  processed,  stopping  when  the  end  of file is reached or
              another machine or a default token is encountered.

       default
              This is the same as machine name except that default matches any
              name.  There can be only one default token, and it must be after
              all machine tokens.  This is normally used as:

                   default login anonymous password user@site

              thereby  giving  the  user  automatic  anonymous  ftp  login  to
              machines  not  specified  in  .netrc.  This can be overridden by
              using the -n flag to disable auto-login.

       login name
              Identify a user  on  the  remote  machine.   If  this  token  is
              present,  the auto-login process will initiate a login using the
              specified name.

       password string
              Supply a password.  If this token  is  present,  the  auto-login
              process  will  supply  the specified string if the remote server
              requires a password as part of the login process.  Note that  if
              this token is present in the .netrc file for any user other than
              anonymous, ftp will abort the auto-login process if  the  .netrc
              is readable by anyone besides the user.

       account string
              Supply  an  additional  account  password.   If  this  token  is
              present, the auto-login process will supply the specified string
              if the remote server requires an additional account password, or
              the auto-login process will initiate an ACCT command if it  does
              not.

       macdef name
              Define  a  macro.   This  token  functions  like  the ftp macdef
              command functions.  A macro is defined with the specified  name;
              its  contents begin with the next .netrc line and continue until
              a null line (consecutive new-line  characters)  is  encountered.
              If  a  macro named init is defined, it is automatically executed
              as the last step in the auto-login process.

ENVIRONMENT

       Ftp utilizes the following environment variables.

       HOME   For default location of a .netrc file, if one exists.

       SHELL  For default shell.

SEE ALSO

       ftpd(8)

       Lunt, S. J., FTP Security Extensions, Internet Draft, November 1993.

HISTORY

       The ftp command appeared in 4.2BSD.

BUGS

       Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper behavior by  the
       remote server.

       An  error in the treatment of carriage returns in the 4.2BSD ascii-mode
       transfer code has  been  corrected.   This  correction  may  result  in
       incorrect  transfers  of  binary files to and from 4.2BSD servers using
       the ascii type.  Avoid this problem by using the binary image type.

                                                                        FTP(1)