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NAME

       XCreateGC, XCopyGC, XChangeGC, XGetGCValues, XFreeGC, XGContextFromGC,
       XGCValues - create or free graphics contexts and graphics context
       structure

SYNTAX

       GC XCreateGC(Display *display, Drawable d, unsigned long valuemask,
              XGCValues *values);

       int XCopyGC(Display *display, GC src, unsigned long valuemask, GC
              dest);

       int XChangeGC(Display *display, GC gc, unsigned long valuemask,
              XGCValues *values);

       Status XGetGCValues(Display *display, GC gc, unsigned long valuemask,
              XGCValues *values_return);

       int XFreeGC(Display *display, GC gc);

       GContext XGContextFromGC(GC gc);

ARGUMENTS

       d         Specifies the drawable.

       dest      Specifies the destination GC.

       display   Specifies the connection to the X server.

       gc        Specifies the GC.

       src       Specifies the components of the source GC.

       valuemask Specifies which components in the GC are to be set, copied,
                 changed, or returned .  This argument is the bitwise
                 inclusive OR of zero or more of the valid GC component mask
                 bits.

       values    Specifies any values as specified by the valuemask.

       values_return
                 Returns the GC values in the specified XGCValues structure.

DESCRIPTION

       The XCreateGC function creates a graphics context and returns a GC.
       The GC can be used with any destination drawable having the same root
       and depth as the specified drawable.  Use with other drawables results
       in a BadMatch error.

       XCreateGC can generate BadAlloc, BadDrawable, BadFont, BadMatch,
       BadPixmap, and BadValue errors.

       The XCopyGC function copies the specified components from the source GC
       to the destination GC.  The source and destination GCs must have the
       same root and depth, or a BadMatch error results.  The valuemask
       specifies which component to copy, as for XCreateGC.

       XCopyGC can generate BadAlloc, BadGC, and BadMatch errors.

       The XChangeGC function changes the components specified by valuemask
       for the specified GC.  The values argument contains the values to be
       set.  The values and restrictions are the same as for XCreateGC.
       Changing the clip-mask overrides any previous XSetClipRectangles
       request on the context.  Changing the dash-offset or dash-list
       overrides any previous XSetDashes request on the context.  The order in
       which components are verified and altered is server dependent.  If an
       error is generated, a subset of the components may have been altered.

       XChangeGC can generate BadAlloc, BadFont, BadGC, BadMatch, BadPixmap,
       and BadValue errors.

       The XGetGCValues function returns the components specified by valuemask
       for the specified GC.  If the valuemask contains a valid set of GC mask
       bits (GCFunction, GCPlaneMask, GCForeground, GCBackground, GCLineWidth,
       GCLineStyle, GCCapStyle, GCJoinStyle, GCFillStyle, GCFillRule, GCTile,
       GCStipple, GCTileStipXOrigin, GCTileStipYOrigin, GCFont,
       GCSubwindowMode, GCGraphicsExposures, GCClipXOrigin, GCCLipYOrigin,
       GCDashOffset, or GCArcMode) and no error occurs, XGetGCValues sets the
       requested components in values_return and returns a nonzero status.
       Otherwise, it returns a zero status.  Note that the clip-mask and dash-
       list (represented by the GCClipMask and GCDashList bits, respectively,
       in the valuemask) cannot be requested.  Also note that an invalid
       resource ID (with one or more of the three most significant bits set to
       1) will be returned for GCFont, GCTile, and GCStipple if the component
       has never been explicitly set by the client.

       The XFreeGC function destroys the specified GC as well as all the
       associated storage.

       XFreeGC can generate a BadGC error.

STRUCTURES

       The XGCValues structure contains:

       /* GC attribute value mask bits */

       #define   GCFunction                  (1L<<0)
       #define   GCPlaneMask                 (1L<<1)
       #define   GCForeground                (1L<<2)
       #define   GCBackground                (1L<<3)
       #define   GCLineWidth                 (1L<<4)
       #define   GCLineStyle                 (1L<<5)
       #define   GCCapStyle                  (1L<<6)
       #define   GCJoinStyle                 (1L<<7)
       #define   GCFillStyle                 (1L<<8)
       #define   GCFillRule                  (1L<<9)
       #define   GCTile                      (1L<<10)
       #define   GCStipple                   (1L<<11)
       #define   GCTileStipXOrigin           (1L<<12)
       #define   GCTileStipYOrigin           (1L<<13)
       #define   GCFont                      (1L<<14)
       #define   GCSubwindowMode             (1L<<15)
       #define   GCGraphicsExposures         (1L<<16)
       #define   GCClipXOrigin               (1L<<17)
       #define   GCClipYOrigin               (1L<<18)
       #define   GCClipMask                  (1L<<19)
       #define   GCDashOffset                (1L<<20)
       #define   GCDashList                  (1L<<21)
       #define   GCArcMode                   (1L<<22)
       /* Values */

       typedef struct {
            int function;            /* logical operation */
            unsigned long plane_mask;/* plane mask */
            unsigned long foreground;/* foreground pixel */
            unsigned long background;/* background pixel */
            int line_width;          /* line width (in pixels) */
            int line_style;          /* LineSolid, LineOnOffDash, LineDoubleDash */
            int cap_style;           /* CapNotLast, CapButt, CapRound, CapProjecting */
            int join_style;          /* JoinMiter, JoinRound, JoinBevel */
            int fill_style;          /* FillSolid, FillTiled, FillStippled FillOpaqueStippled*/
            int fill_rule;           /* EvenOddRule, WindingRule */
            int arc_mode;            /* ArcChord, ArcPieSlice */
            Pixmap tile;             /* tile pixmap for tiling operations */
            Pixmap stipple;          /* stipple 1 plane pixmap for stippling */
            int ts_x_origin;         /* offset for tile or stipple operations */
            int ts_y_origin;
            Font font;               /* default text font for text operations */
            int subwindow_mode;      /* ClipByChildren, IncludeInferiors */
            Bool graphics_exposures; /* boolean, should exposures be generated */
            int clip_x_origin;       /* origin for clipping */
            int clip_y_origin;
            Pixmap clip_mask;        /* bitmap clipping; other calls for rects */
            int dash_offset;         /* patterned/dashed line information */
            char dashes;
       } XGCValues;

       The function attributes of a GC are used when you update a section of a
       drawable (the destination) with bits from somewhere else (the source).
       The function in a GC defines how the new destination bits are to be
       computed from the source bits and the old destination bits.  GXcopy is
       typically the most useful because it will work on a color display, but
       special applications may use other functions, particularly in concert
       with particular planes of a color display.  The 16 GC functions,
       defined in <X11/X.h>, are:

       -----------------------------------------------
       Function Name     Value   Operation
       -----------------------------------------------
       ()                                                                          ()

       GXclear            0x0    0
       GXand              0x1    src AND dst
       GXandReverse       0x2    src AND NOT dst
       GXcopy             0x3    src
       GXandInverted      0x4    (NOT src) AND dst
       GXnoop             0x5    dst
       GXxor              0x6    src XOR dst
       GXor               0x7    src OR dst
       GXnor              0x8    (NOT src) AND (NOT
                                 dst)
       GXequiv            0x9    (NOT src) XOR dst
       GXinvert           0xa    NOT dst
       GXorReverse        0xb    src OR (NOT dst)
       GXcopyInverted     0xc    NOT src
       GXorInverted       0xd    (NOT src) OR dst
       GXnand             0xe    (NOT src) OR (NOT
                                 dst)
       GXset              0xf    1
       -----------------------------------------------

       Many graphics operations depend on either pixel values or planes in a
       GC.  The planes attribute is of type long, and it specifies which
       planes of the destination are to be modified, one bit per plane.  A
       monochrome display has only one plane and will be the least significant
       bit of the word.  As planes are added to the display hardware, they
       will occupy more significant bits in the plane mask.

       In graphics operations, given a source and destination pixel, the
       result is computed bitwise on corresponding bits of the pixels.  That
       is, a Boolean operation is performed in each bit plane.  The plane_mask
       restricts the operation to a subset of planes.  A macro constant
       AllPlanes can be used to refer to all planes of the screen
       simultaneously.  The result is computed by the following:

       ((src FUNC dst) AND plane-mask) OR (dst AND (NOT plane-mask))

       Range checking is not performed on the values for foreground,
       background, or plane_mask.  They are simply truncated to the
       appropriate number of bits.  The line-width is measured in pixels and
       either can be greater than or equal to one (wide line) or can be the
       special value zero (thin line).

       Wide lines are drawn centered on the path described by the graphics
       request.  Unless otherwise specified by the join-style or cap-style,
       the bounding box of a wide line with endpoints [x1, y1], [x2, y2] and
       width w is a rectangle with vertices at the following real coordinates:

       [x1-(w*sn/2), y1+(w*cs/2)], [x1+(w*sn/2), y1-(w*cs/2)],
       [x2-(w*sn/2), y2+(w*cs/2)], [x2+(w*sn/2), y2-(w*cs/2)]

       Here sn is the sine of the angle of the line, and cs is the cosine of
       the angle of the line.  A pixel is part of the line and so is drawn if
       the center of the pixel is fully inside the bounding box (which is
       viewed as having infinitely thin edges).  If the center of the pixel is
       exactly on the bounding box, it is part of the line if and only if the
       interior is immediately to its right (x increasing direction).  Pixels
       with centers on a horizontal edge are a special case and are part of
       the line if and only if the interior or the boundary is immediately
       below (y increasing direction) and the interior or the boundary is
       immediately to the right (x increasing direction).

       Thin lines (zero line-width) are one-pixel-wide lines drawn using an
       unspecified, device-dependent algorithm.  There are only two
       constraints on this algorithm.

       1.   If a line is drawn unclipped from [x1,y1] to [x2,y2] and if
            another line is drawn unclipped from [x1+dx,y1+dy] to
            [x2+dx,y2+dy], a point [x,y] is touched by drawing the first line
            if and only if the point [x+dx,y+dy] is touched by drawing the
            second line.

       2.   The effective set of points comprising a line cannot be affected
            by clipping.  That is, a point is touched in a clipped line if and
            only if the point lies inside the clipping region and the point
            would be touched by the line when drawn unclipped.

       A wide line drawn from [x1,y1] to [x2,y2] always draws the same pixels
       as a wide line drawn from [x2,y2] to [x1,y1], not counting cap-style
       and join-style.  It is recommended that this property be true for thin
       lines, but this is not required.  A line-width of zero may differ from
       a line-width of one in which pixels are drawn.  This permits the use of
       many manufacturers’ line drawing hardware, which may run many times
       faster than the more precisely specified wide lines.

       In general, drawing a thin line will be faster than drawing a wide line
       of width one.  However, because of their different drawing algorithms,
       thin lines may not mix well aesthetically with wide lines.  If it is
       desirable to obtain precise and uniform results across all displays, a
       client should always use a line-width of one rather than a line-width
       of zero.

       The line-style defines which sections of a line are drawn:

       LineSolid        The full path of the line is drawn.

       LineDoubleDash   The full path of the line is drawn, but the
                        even dashes are filled differently from the
                        odd dashes (see fill-style) with CapButt
                        style used where even and odd dashes meet.
       LineOnOffDash    Only the even dashes are drawn, and cap-style
                        applies to all internal ends of the
                        individual dashes, except CapNotLast is
                        treated as CapButt.

       The cap-style defines how the endpoints of a path are drawn:

       CapNotLast      This is equivalent to CapButt except that for
                       a line-width of zero the final endpoint is
                       not drawn.
       CapButt         The line is square at the endpoint
                       (perpendicular to the slope of the line) with
                       no projection beyond.
       CapRound        The line has a circular arc with the diameter
                       equal to the line-width, centered on the
                       endpoint.  (This is equivalent to CapButt for
                       line-width of zero).
       CapProjecting   The line is square at the end, but the path
                       continues beyond the endpoint for a distance
                       equal to half the line-width.  (This is
                       equivalent to CapButt for line-width of
                       zero).

       The join-style defines how corners are drawn for wide lines:

       JoinMiter       The outer edges of two lines extend to meet
                       at an angle.  However, if the angle is less
                       than 11 degrees, then a JoinBevel join-style
                       is used instead.
       JoinRound       The corner is a circular arc with the
                       diameter equal to the line-width, centered on
                       the joinpoint.
       JoinBevel       The corner has CapButt endpoint styles with
                       the triangular notch filled.

       For a line with coincident endpoints (x1=x2, y1=y2), when the cap-style
       is applied to both endpoints, the semantics depends on the line-width
       and the cap-style:

       CapNotLast      thin    The results are device dependent, but
                               the desired effect is that nothing is
                               drawn.
       CapButt         thin    The results are device dependent, but
                               the desired effect is that a single
                               pixel is drawn.
       CapRound        thin    The results are the same as for
                               CapButt/thin.
       CapProjecting   thin    The results are the same as for
                               CapButt/thin.
       CapButt         wide    Nothing is drawn.
       CapRound        wide    The closed path is a circle, centered at
                               the endpoint, and with the diameter
                               equal to the line-width.
       CapProjecting   wide    The closed path is a square, aligned
                               with the coordinate axes, centered at
                               the endpoint, and with the sides equal
                               to the line-width.

       For a line with coincident endpoints (x1=x2, y1=y2), when the join-
       style is applied at one or both endpoints, the effect is as if the line
       was removed from the overall path.  However, if the total path consists
       of or is reduced to a single point joined with itself, the effect is
       the same as when the cap-style is applied at both endpoints.

       The tile/stipple represents an infinite two-dimensional plane, with the
       tile/stipple replicated in all dimensions.  When that plane is
       superimposed on the drawable for use in a graphics operation, the
       upper-left corner of some instance of the tile/stipple is at the
       coordinates within the drawable specified by the tile/stipple origin.
       The tile/stipple and clip origins are interpreted relative to the
       origin of whatever destination drawable is specified in a graphics
       request.  The tile pixmap must have the same root and depth as the GC,
       or a BadMatch error results.  The stipple pixmap must have depth one
       and must have the same root as the GC, or a BadMatch error results.
       For stipple operations where the fill-style is FillStippled but not
       FillOpaqueStippled, the stipple pattern is tiled in a single plane and
       acts as an additional clip mask to be ANDed with the clip-mask.
       Although some sizes may be faster to use than others, any size pixmap
       can be used for tiling or stippling.

       The fill-style defines the contents of the source for line, text, and
       fill requests.  For all text and fill requests (for example, XDrawText,
       XDrawText16, XFillRectangle, XFillPolygon, and XFillArc); for line
       requests with line-style LineSolid (for example, XDrawLine,
       XDrawSegments, XDrawRectangle, XDrawArc); and for the even dashes for
       line requests with line-style LineOnOffDash or LineDoubleDash, the
       following apply:

       FillSolid            Foreground
       FillTiled            Tile
       FillOpaqueStippled   A tile with the same width and height as
                            stipple, but with background everywhere
                            stipple has a zero and with foreground
                            everywhere stipple has a one
       FillStippled         Foreground masked by stipple

       When drawing lines with line-style LineDoubleDash, the odd dashes are
       controlled by the fill-style in the following manner:

       FillSolid            Background
       FillTiled            Same as for even dashes
       FillOpaqueStippled   Same as for even dashes
       FillStippled         Background masked by stipple

       Storing a pixmap in a GC might or might not result in a copy being
       made.  If the pixmap is later used as the destination for a graphics
       request, the change might or might not be reflected in the GC.  If the
       pixmap is used simultaneously in a graphics request both as a
       destination and as a tile or stipple, the results are undefined.

       For optimum performance, you should draw as much as possible with the
       same GC (without changing its components).  The costs of changing GC
       components relative to using different GCs depend on the display
       hardware and the server implementation.  It is quite likely that some
       amount of GC information will be cached in display hardware and that
       such hardware can only cache a small number of GCs.

       The dashes value is actually a simplified form of the more general
       patterns that can be set with XSetDashes.  Specifying a value of N is
       equivalent to specifying the two-element list [N, N] in XSetDashes.
       The value must be nonzero, or a BadValue error results.

       The clip-mask restricts writes to the destination drawable.  If the
       clip-mask is set to a pixmap, it must have depth one and have the same
       root as the GC, or a BadMatch error results.  If clip-mask is set to
       None, the pixels are always drawn regardless of the clip origin.  The
       clip-mask also can be set by calling the XSetClipRectangles or
       XSetRegion functions.  Only pixels where the clip-mask has a bit set to
       1 are drawn.  Pixels are not drawn outside the area covered by the
       clip-mask or where the clip-mask has a bit set to 0.  The clip-mask
       affects all graphics requests.  The clip-mask does not clip sources.
       The clip-mask origin is interpreted relative to the origin of whatever
       destination drawable is specified in a graphics request.

       You can set the subwindow-mode to ClipByChildren or IncludeInferiors.
       For ClipByChildren, both source and destination windows are
       additionally clipped by all viewable InputOutput children.  For
       IncludeInferiors, neither source nor destination window is clipped by
       inferiors.  This will result in including subwindow contents in the
       source and drawing through subwindow boundaries of the destination.
       The use of IncludeInferiors on a window of one depth with mapped
       inferiors of differing depth is not illegal, but the semantics are
       undefined by the core protocol.

       The fill-rule defines what pixels are inside (drawn) for paths given in
       XFillPolygon requests and can be set to EvenOddRule or WindingRule.
       For EvenOddRule, a point is inside if an infinite ray with the point as
       origin crosses the path an odd number of times.  For WindingRule, a
       point is inside if an infinite ray with the point as origin crosses an
       unequal number of clockwise and counterclockwise directed path
       segments.  A clockwise directed path segment is one that crosses the
       ray from left to right as observed from the point.  A counterclockwise
       segment is one that crosses the ray from right to left as observed from
       the point.  The case where a directed line segment is coincident with
       the ray is uninteresting because you can simply choose a different ray
       that is not coincident with a segment.

       For both EvenOddRule and WindingRule, a point is infinitely small, and
       the path is an infinitely thin line.  A pixel is inside if the center
       point of the pixel is inside and the center point is not on the
       boundary.  If the center point is on the boundary, the pixel is inside
       if and only if the polygon interior is immediately to its right (x
       increasing direction).  Pixels with centers on a horizontal edge are a
       special case and are inside if and only if the polygon interior is
       immediately below (y increasing direction).

       The arc-mode controls filling in the XFillArcs function and can be set
       to ArcPieSlice or ArcChord.  For ArcPieSlice, the arcs are pie-slice
       filled.  For ArcChord, the arcs are chord filled.

       The graphics-exposure flag controls GraphicsExpose event generation for
       XCopyArea and XCopyPlane requests (and any similar requests defined by
       extensions).

DIAGNOSTICS

       BadAlloc  The server failed to allocate the requested resource or
                 server memory.

       BadDrawable
                 A value for a Drawable argument does not name a defined
                 Window or Pixmap.

       BadFont   A value for a Font or GContext argument does not name a
                 defined Font.

       BadGC     A value for a GContext argument does not name a defined
                 GContext.

       BadMatch  An InputOnly window is used as a Drawable.

       BadMatch  Some argument or pair of arguments has the correct type and
                 range but fails to match in some other way required by the
                 request.

       BadPixmap A value for a Pixmap argument does not name a defined Pixmap.

       BadValue  Some numeric value falls outside the range of values accepted
                 by the request.  Unless a specific range is specified for an
                 argument, the full range defined by the argument’s type is
                 accepted.  Any argument defined as a set of alternatives can
                 generate this error.

SEE ALSO

       AllPlanes(3), XCopyArea(3), XCreateRegion(3), XDrawArc(3),
       XDrawLine(3), XDrawRectangle(3), XDrawText(3), XFillRectangle(3),
       XQueryBestSize(3), XSetArcMode(3), XSetClipOrigin(3), XSetFillStyle(3),
       XSetFont(3), XSetLineAttributes(3), XSetState(3), XSetTile(3)
       Xlib - C Language X Interface

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