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NAME

       tcbdb - the B+ tree database API

DESCRIPTION

       B+ tree database is a file containing a B+ tree and is handled with the
       B+ tree database API.

       To use the B+ tree database API,  include  ‘tcutil.h’,  ‘tcbdb.h’,  and
       related   standard   header   files.    Usually,  write  the  following
       description near the front of a source file.

              #include <tcutil.h>
              #include <tcbdb.h>
              #include <stdlib.h>
              #include <time.h>
              #include <stdbool.h>
              #include <stdint.h>

       Objects whose type is pointer to ‘TCBDB’ are used  to  handle  B+  tree
       databases.   A  B+  tree  database  object is created with the function
       ‘tcbdbnew’ and is deleted  with  the  function  ‘tcbdbdel’.   To  avoid
       memory  leak,  it  is  important  to  delete every object when it is no
       longer in use.

       Before operations to store or retrieve records, it is necessary to open
       a  database  file  and  connect the B+ tree database object to it.  The
       function ‘tcbdbopen’ is used to open a database file and  the  function
       ‘tcbdbclose’ is used to close the database file.  To avoid data missing
       or corruption, it is important to close every database file when it  is
       no  longer  in use.  It is forbidden for multible database objects in a
       process to open the same database at the same time.

API

       The function ‘tcbdberrmsg’ is used in order to get the  message  string
       corresponding to an error code.

              const char *tcbdberrmsg(int ecode);ecode’ specifies the error code.
                     The return value is the message string of the error code.

       The function ‘tcbdbnew’ is used in order to create a B+  tree  database
       object.

              TCBDB *tcbdbnew(void);
                     The return value is the new B+ tree database object.

       The  function  ‘tcbdbdel’ is used in order to delete a B+ tree database
       object.

              void tcbdbdel(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     If the database is not closed, it is  closed  implicitly.
                     Note  that the deleted object and its derivatives can not
                     be used anymore.

       The function ‘tcbdbecode’ is used in order to  get  the  last  happened
       error code of a B+ tree database object.

              int tcbdbecode(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     The return value is the last happened error code.
                     The  following  error codes are defined: ‘TCESUCCESS’ for
                     success, ‘TCETHREAD’ for  threading  error,  ‘TCEINVALID’
                     for  invalid  operation,  ‘TCENOFILE’ for file not found,
                     ‘TCENOPERM’ for no permission, ‘TCEMETA’ for invalid meta
                     data, ‘TCERHEAD’ for invalid record header, ‘TCEOPEN’ for
                     open error, ‘TCECLOSE’ for close  error,  ‘TCETRUNC’  for
                     trunc error, ‘TCESYNC’ for sync error, ‘TCESTAT’ for stat
                     error, ‘TCESEEK’  for  seek  error,  ‘TCEREAD’  for  read
                     error,  ‘TCEWRITE’  for  write  error, ‘TCEMMAP’ for mmap
                     error, ‘TCELOCK’ for lock error, ‘TCEUNLINK’  for  unlink
                     error, ‘TCERENAME’ for rename error, ‘TCEMKDIR’ for mkdir
                     error, ‘TCERMDIR’ for rmdir error, ‘TCEKEEP’ for existing
                     record, ‘TCENOREC’ for no record found, and ‘TCEMISC’ for
                     miscellaneous error.

       The function ‘tcbdbsetmutex’ is used in order to set  mutual  exclusion
       control of a B+ tree database object for threading.

              bool tcbdbsetmutex(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object which is not
                     opened.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     Note  that  the  mutual exclusion control of the database
                     should be set before the database is opened.

       The function ‘tcbdbsetcmpfunc’ is used  in  order  to  set  the  custom
       comparison function of a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbsetcmpfunc(TCBDB *bdb, TCCMP cmp, void *cmpop);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object which is not
                     opened.
                     ‘cmp’ specifies the  pointer  to  the  custom  comparison
                     function.    It  receives  five  parameters.   The  first
                     parameter is the pointer to the region of one  key.   The
                     second  parameter  is  the size of the region of one key.
                     The third parameter is the pointer to the region  of  the
                     other  key.   The  fourth  parameter  is  the size of the
                     region of the other key.   The  fifth  parameter  is  the
                     pointer  to  the  optional  opaque  object.   It  returns
                     positive if the former is big, negative if the latter  is
                     big, 0 if both are equivalent.
                     ‘cmpop’  specifies  an arbitrary pointer to be given as a
                     parameter of the  comparison  function.   If  it  is  not
                     needed, ‘NULL’ can be specified.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.
                     The default comparison  function  compares  keys  of  two
                     records  by  lexical order.  The functions ‘tccmplexical’
                     (dafault), ‘tccmpdecimal’, ‘tccmpint32’, and ‘tccmpint64’
                     are  built-in.   Note that the comparison function should
                     be  set  before  the  database  is   opened.    Moreover,
                     user-defined  comparison  functions  should  be set every
                     time the database is being opened.

       The function ‘tcbdbtune’ is used in order to set the tuning  parameters
       of a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbtune(TCBDB *bdb, int32_t lmemb, int32_t nmemb, int64_t
              bnum, int8_t apow, int8_t fpow, uint8_t opts);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object which is  not
                     opened.
                     ‘lmemb’  specifies  the  number  of  members in each leaf
                     page.  If it is not more than 0,  the  default  value  is
                     specified.  The default value is 128.
                     ‘nmemb’  specifies the number of members in each non-leaf
                     page.  If it is not more than 0,  the  default  value  is
                     specified.  The default value is 256.
                     ‘bnum’  specifies  the  number  of elements of the bucket
                     array.  If it is not more than 0, the  default  value  is
                     specified.   The  default value is 16381.  Suggested size
                     of the bucket array is about from 1 to  4  times  of  the
                     number of all pages to be stored.
                     ‘apow’ specifies the size of record alignment by power of
                     2.  If it is negative, the default  value  is  specified.
                     The default value is 8 standing for 2^8=256.
                     ‘fpow’  specifies  the  maximum number of elements of the
                     free block pool by power of 2.  If it  is  negative,  the
                     default  value  is  specified.   The  default value is 10
                     standing for 2^10=1024.
                     ‘opts’  specifies  options  by  bitwise-or:   ‘BDBTLARGE’
                     specifies  that  the  size  of the database can be larger
                     than 2GB by  using  64-bit  bucket  array,  ‘BDBTDEFLATE’
                     specifies  that  each  page  is  compressed  with Deflate
                     encoding,  ‘BDBTBZIP’  specifies  that   each   page   is
                     compressed with BZIP2 encoding, ‘BDBTTCBS’ specifies that
                     each page is compressed with TCBS encoding.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     Note  that the tuning parameters should be set before the
                     database is opened.

       The function ‘tcbdbsetcache’ is  used  in  order  to  set  the  caching
       parameters of a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbsetcache(TCBDB *bdb, int32_t lcnum, int32_t ncnum);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object which is not
                     opened.
                     ‘lcnum’ specifies the maximum number of leaf nodes to  be
                     cached.   If  it is not more than 0, the default value is
                     specified.  The default value is 1024.
                     ‘ncnum’ specifies the maximum number of non-leaf nodes to
                     be  cached.   If it is not more than 0, the default value
                     is specified.  The default value is 512.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     Note that the caching parameters should be set before the
                     database is opened.

       The function ‘tcbdbsetxmsiz’ is used in order to set the  size  of  the
       extra mapped memory of a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbsetxmsiz(TCBDB *bdb, int64_t xmsiz);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object which is not
                     opened.
                     ‘xmsiz’ specifies the size of the  extra  mapped  memory.
                     If  it  is  not  more  than 0, the extra mapped memory is
                     disabled.  It is disabled by default.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     Note that the mapping parameters should be set before the
                     database is opened.

       The function ‘tcbdbsetdfunit’ is used in order to  set  the  unit  step
       number of auto defragmentation of a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbsetdfunit(TCBDB *bdb, int32_t dfunit);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object which is not
                     opened.
                     ‘dfunit’ specifie the unit step number.   If  it  is  not
                     more than 0, the auto defragmentation is disabled.  It is
                     disabled by default.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     Note  that  the  defragmentation  parameter should be set
                     before the database is opened.

       The function ‘tcbdbopen’ is used in order to open a database  file  and
       connect a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbopen(TCBDB *bdb, const char *path, int omode);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object which is not
                     opened.
                     ‘path’ specifies the path of the database file.
                     ‘omode’ specifies the connection mode: ‘BDBOWRITER’ as  a
                     writer,  ‘BDBOREADER’  as  a  reader.   If  the  mode  is
                     ‘BDBOWRITER’, the following may be added  by  bitwise-or:
                     ‘BDBOCREAT’, which means it creates a new database if not
                     exist, ‘BDBOTRUNC’, which means it creates a new database
                     regardless  if one exists, ‘BDBOTSYNC’, which means every
                     transaction  synchronizes  updated  contents   with   the
                     device.   Both  of  ‘BDBOREADER’  and ‘BDBOWRITER’ can be
                     added to by bitwise-or: ‘BDBONOLCK’, which means it opens
                     the  database  file without file locking, or ‘BDBOLCKNB’,
                     which means locking is performed without blocking.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.

       The  function ‘tcbdbclose’ is used in order to close a B+ tree database
       object.

              bool tcbdbclose(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     Update  of  a  database is assured to be written when the
                     database is closed.  If a writer  opens  a  database  but
                     does  not  close  it  appropriately, the database will be
                     broken.

       The function ‘tcbdbput’ is used in order to store a record  into  a  B+
       tree database object.

              bool tcbdbput(TCBDB *bdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz, const void
              *vbuf, int vsiz);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object connected  as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     ‘vbuf’  specifies the pointer to the region of the value.
                     ‘vsiz’ specifies the size of the region of the value.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     If  a record with the same key exists in the database, it
                     is overwritten.

       The function ‘tcbdbput2’ is used in order to store a string record into
       a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbput2(TCBDB *bdb, const char *kstr, const char *vstr);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object connected as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key.
                     ‘vstr’ specifies the string of the value.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     If  a record with the same key exists in the database, it
                     is overwritten.

       The function ‘tcbdbputkeep’ is used in order to store a new record into
       a B+ tree database object.

              bool  tcbdbputkeep(TCBDB *bdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz, const
              void *vbuf, int vsiz);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object connected  as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     ‘vbuf’  specifies the pointer to the region of the value.
                     ‘vsiz’ specifies the size of the region of the value.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     If  a  record  with  the same key exists in the database,
                     this function has no effect.

       The function ‘tcbdbputkeep2’ is used in order to  store  a  new  string
       record into a B+ tree database object.

              bool  tcbdbputkeep2(TCBDB  *bdb,  const  char  *kstr, const char
              *vstr);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object connected  as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key.
                     ‘vstr’ specifies the string of the value.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.
                     If a record with the same key  exists  in  the  database,
                     this function has no effect.

       The  function  ‘tcbdbputcat’ is used in order to concatenate a value at
       the end of the existing record in a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbputcat(TCBDB *bdb, const void *kbuf, int  ksiz,  const
              void *vbuf, int vsiz);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object connected as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     ‘vbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the  value.
                     ‘vsiz’ specifies the size of the region of the value.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.
                     If there is no corresponding  record,  a  new  record  is
                     created.

       The  function  ‘tcbdbputcat2’  is used in order to concatenate a string
       value at the end of the existing record in a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbputcat2(TCBDB  *bdb,  const  char  *kstr,  const  char
              *vstr);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object connected as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key.
                     ‘vstr’ specifies the string of the value.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     If  there  is  no  corresponding  record, a new record is
                     created.

       The function ‘tcbdbputdup’ is used in order to store a record into a B+
       tree database object with allowing duplication of keys.

              bool  tcbdbputdup(TCBDB  *bdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz, const
              void *vbuf, int vsiz);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object connected  as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     ‘vbuf’  specifies the pointer to the region of the value.
                     ‘vsiz’ specifies the size of the region of the value.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     If a record with the same key exists in the database, the
                     new record is placed after the existing one.

       The function ‘tcbdbputdup2’ is used in order to store a  string  record
       into a B+ tree database object with allowing duplication of keys.

              bool  tcbdbputdup2(TCBDB  *bdb,  const  char  *kstr,  const char
              *vstr);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object connected  as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key.
                     ‘vstr’ specifies the string of the value.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.
                     If a record with the same key exists in the database, the
                     new record is placed after the existing one.

       The function ‘tcbdbputdup3’ is used in order to store records into a B+
       tree database object with allowing duplication of keys.

              bool tcbdbputdup3(TCBDB *bdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz,  const
              TCLIST *vals);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object connected as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the  common
                     key.
                     ‘ksiz’  specifies  the  size  of the region of the common
                     key.
                     ‘vals’ specifies a list object containing values.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     If a record with the same key exists in the database, the
                     new records are placed after the existing one.

       The function ‘tcbdbout’ is used in order to remove a  record  of  a  B+
       tree database object.

              bool tcbdbout(TCBDB *bdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object connected as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     If  the key of duplicated records is specified, the first
                     one is selected.

       The function ‘tcbdbout2’ is used in order to remove a string record  of
       a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbout2(TCBDB *bdb, const char *kstr);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object connected as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     If  the key of duplicated records is specified, the first
                     one is selected.

       The function ‘tcbdbout3’ is used in order to remove  records  of  a  B+
       tree database object.

              bool tcbdbout3(TCBDB *bdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object connected as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     If  the  key  of  duplicated records is specified, all of
                     them are removed.

       The function ‘tcbdbget’ is used in order to retrieve a record in  a  B+
       tree database object.

              void *tcbdbget(TCBDB *bdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz, int *sp);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     ‘sp’ specifies the pointer to the variable into which the
                     size of the region of the return value is assigned.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value is the pointer to the
                     region of the value of the corresponding record.   ‘NULL’
                     is returned if no record corresponds.
                     If  the key of duplicated records is specified, the first
                     one is selected.  Because  an  additional  zero  code  is
                     appended  at  the  end of the region of the return value,
                     the return value can be treated as  a  character  string.
                     Because  the region of the return value is allocated with
                     the ‘malloc’ call, it should be released with the  ‘free’
                     call when it is no longer in use.

       The  function  ‘tcbdbget2’ is used in order to retrieve a string record
       in a B+ tree database object.

              char *tcbdbget2(TCBDB *bdb, const char *kstr);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key.
                     If successful, the return value  is  the  string  of  the
                     value of the corresponding record.  ‘NULL’ is returned if
                     no record corresponds.
                     If the key of duplicated records is specified, the  first
                     one  is selected.  Because the region of the return value
                     is  allocated  with  the  ‘malloc’  call,  it  should  be
                     released  with  the  ‘free’  call when it is no longer in
                     use.

       The function ‘tcbdbget3’ is used in order to retrieve a record in a  B+
       tree database object as a volatile buffer.

              const  void  *tcbdbget3(TCBDB  *bdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz,
              int *sp);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     ‘sp’ specifies the pointer to the variable into which the
                     size of the region of the return value is assigned.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value is the pointer to the
                     region of the value of the corresponding record.   ‘NULL’
                     is returned if no record corresponds.
                     If  the key of duplicated records is specified, the first
                     one is selected.  Because  an  additional  zero  code  is
                     appended  at  the  end of the region of the return value,
                     the return value can be treated as  a  character  string.
                     Because the region of the return value is volatile and it
                     may be spoiled by another operation of the database,  the
                     data  should  be  copied  into  another involatile buffer
                     immediately.

       The function ‘tcbdbget4’ is used in order to retrieve records in  a  B+
       tree database object.

              TCLIST *tcbdbget4(TCBDB *bdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     If  successful,  the return value is a list object of the
                     values of the corresponding records.  ‘NULL’ is  returned
                     if no record corresponds.
                     Because  the  object  of the return value is created with
                     the function ‘tclistnew’, it should be deleted  with  the
                     function ‘tclistdel’ when it is no longer in use.

       The  function ‘tcbdbvnum’ is used in order to get the number of records
       corresponding a key in a B+ tree database object.

              int tcbdbvnum(TCBDB *bdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     If successful, the return value  is  the  number  of  the
                     corresponding records, else, it is 0.

       The function ‘tcbdbvnum2’ is used in order to get the number of records
       corresponding a string key in a B+ tree database object.

              int tcbdbvnum2(TCBDB *bdb, const char *kstr);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key.
                     If successful, the return value  is  the  number  of  the
                     corresponding records, else, it is 0.

       The  function ‘tcbdbvsiz’ is used in order to get the size of the value
       of a record in a B+ tree database object.

              int tcbdbvsiz(TCBDB *bdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     If successful, the return value is the size of the  value
                     of the corresponding record, else, it is -1.
                     If  the key of duplicated records is specified, the first
                     one is selected.

       The function ‘tcbdbvsiz2’ is used in order to get the size of the value
       of a string record in a B+ tree database object.

              int tcbdbvsiz2(TCBDB *bdb, const char *kstr);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key.
                     If  successful, the return value is the size of the value
                     of the corresponding record, else, it is -1.
                     If the key of duplicated records is specified, the  first
                     one is selected.

       The  function  ‘tcbdbrange’  is  used  in  order  to get keys of ranged
       records in a B+ tree database object.

              TCLIST *tcbdbrange(TCBDB *bdb, const  void  *bkbuf,  int  bksiz,
              bool binc, const void *ekbuf, int eksiz, bool einc, int max);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘bkbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key of
                     the beginning border.  If it is ‘NULL’, the first  record
                     is specified.
                     ‘bksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the beginning
                     key.
                     ‘binc’  specifies  whether  the   beginning   border   is
                     inclusive or not.
                     ‘ekbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key of
                     the ending border.  If it is ‘NULL’, the last  record  is
                     specified.
                     ‘eksiz’  specifies  the  size of the region of the ending
                     key.
                     ‘einc’ specifies whether the ending border  is  inclusive
                     or not.
                     ‘max’ specifies the maximum number of keys to be fetched.
                     If it is negative, no limit is specified.
                     The return value is a list object  of  the  keys  of  the
                     corresponding  records.   This  function does never fail.
                     It returns an empty list even if no record corresponds.
                     Because the object of the return value  is  created  with
                     the  function  ‘tclistnew’, it should be deleted with the
                     function ‘tclistdel’ when it is no longer in use.

       The function ‘tcbdbrange2’ is used in  order  to  get  string  keys  of
       ranged records in a B+ tree database object.

              TCLIST  *tcbdbrange2(TCBDB  *bdb,  const char *bkstr, bool binc,
              const char *ekstr, bool einc, int max);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘bkstr’ specifies the string of the key of the  beginning
                     border.   If it is ‘NULL’, the first record is specified.
                     ‘binc’  specifies  whether  the   beginning   border   is
                     inclusive or not.
                     ‘ekstr’  specifies  the  string  of the key of the ending
                     border.  If it is ‘NULL’, the last record is specified.
                     ‘einc’ specifies whether the ending border  is  inclusive
                     or not.
                     ‘max’ specifies the maximum number of keys to be fetched.
                     If it is negative, no limit is specified.
                     The return value is a list object  of  the  keys  of  the
                     corresponding  records.   This  function does never fail.
                     It returns an empty list even if no record corresponds.
                     Because the object of the return value  is  created  with
                     the  function  ‘tclistnew’, it should be deleted with the
                     function ‘tclistdel’ when it is no longer in use.

       The function ‘tcbdbfwmkeys’ is used in order to  get  forward  matching
       keys in a B+ tree database object.

              TCLIST *tcbdbfwmkeys(TCBDB *bdb, const void *pbuf, int psiz, int
              max);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘pbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the prefix.
                     ‘psiz’ specifies the size of the region of the prefix.
                     ‘max’ specifies the maximum number of keys to be fetched.
                     If it is negative, no limit is specified.
                     The return value is a list object  of  the  corresponding
                     keys.   This  function  does  never  fail.  It returns an
                     empty list even if no key corresponds.
                     Because the object of the return value  is  created  with
                     the  function  ‘tclistnew’, it should be deleted with the
                     function ‘tclistdel’ when it is no longer in use.

       The function ‘tcbdbfwmkeys2’ is used in order to get  forward  matching
       string keys in a B+ tree database object.

              TCLIST *tcbdbfwmkeys2(TCBDB *bdb, const char *pstr, int max);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘pstr’ specifies the string of the prefix.
                     ‘max’ specifies the maximum number of keys to be fetched.
                     If it is negative, no limit is specified.
                     The return value is a list object  of  the  corresponding
                     keys.   This  function  does  never  fail.  It returns an
                     empty list even if no key corresponds.
                     Because the object of the return value  is  created  with
                     the  function  ‘tclistnew’, it should be deleted with the
                     function ‘tclistdel’ when it is no longer in use.

       The function ‘tcbdbaddint’ is used in order to  add  an  integer  to  a
       record in a B+ tree database object.

              int  tcbdbaddint(TCBDB  *bdb,  const  void  *kbuf, int ksiz, int
              num);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object connected  as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     ‘num’ specifies the additional value.
                     If  successful,  the return value is the summation value,
                     else, it is ‘INT_MIN’.
                     If the corresponding record exists, the value is  treated
                     as an integer and is added to.  If no record corresponds,
                     a new record of the additional value is stored.

       The function ‘tcbdbadddouble’ is used in order to add a real number  to
       a record in a B+ tree database object.

              double  tcbdbadddouble(TCBDB  *bdb,  const void *kbuf, int ksiz,
              double num);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object connected  as
                     a writer.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     ‘num’ specifies the additional value.
                     If  successful,  the return value is the summation value,
                     else, it is Not-a-Number.
                     If the corresponding record exists, the value is  treated
                     as  a  real  number  and  is  added  to.   If  no  record
                     corresponds, a new record  of  the  additional  value  is
                     stored.

       The  function  ‘tcbdbsync’  is  used  in  order  to synchronize updated
       contents of a B+ tree database object with the file and the device.

              bool tcbdbsync(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object connected  as
                     a writer.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.
                     This function is useful when another process connects  to
                     the same database file.

       The function ‘tcbdboptimize’ is used in order to optimize the file of a
       B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdboptimize(TCBDB *bdb,  int32_t  lmemb,  int32_t  nmemb,
              int64_t bnum, int8_t apow, int8_t fpow, uint8_t opts);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object connected as
                     a writer.
                     ‘lmemb’ specifies the number  of  members  in  each  leaf
                     page.   If  it is not more than 0, the current setting is
                     not changed.
                     ‘nmemb’ specifies the number of members in each  non-leaf
                     page.   If  it is not more than 0, the current setting is
                     not changed.
                     ‘bnum’ specifies the number of  elements  of  the  bucket
                     array.   If  it  is not more than 0, the default value is
                     specified.  The default value is two times of the  number
                     of pages.
                     ‘apow’ specifies the size of record alignment by power of
                     2.  If  it  is  negative,  the  current  setting  is  not
                     changed.
                     ‘fpow’  specifies  the  maximum number of elements of the
                     free block pool by power of 2.  If it  is  negative,  the
                     current setting is not changed.
                     ‘opts’   specifies  options  by  bitwise-or:  ‘BDBTLARGE’
                     specifies that the size of the  database  can  be  larger
                     than  2GB  by  using  64-bit  bucket array, ‘BDBTDEFLATE’
                     specifies that each record  is  compressed  with  Deflate
                     encoding,   ‘BDBTBZIP’   specifies   that  each  page  is
                     compressed with BZIP2 encoding, ‘BDBTTCBS’ specifies that
                     each  page  is  compressed  with TCBS encoding.  If it is
                     ‘UINT8_MAX’, the current setting is not changed.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     This  function  is  useful  to  reduce  the  size  of the
                     database  file  with  data  fragmentation  by  successive
                     updating.

       The  function ‘tcbdbvanish’ is used in order to remove all records of a
       B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbvanish(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object connected  as
                     a writer.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.

       The function ‘tcbdbcopy’ is used in order to copy the database file  of
       a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbcopy(TCBDB *bdb, const char *path);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     ‘path’ specifies the path of the destination file.  If it
                     begins with ‘@’, the trailing substring is executed as  a
                     command line.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.  False is returned if the executed command returns
                     non-zero code.
                     The  database file is assured to be kept synchronized and
                     not modified while the copying or executing operation  is
                     in  progress.   So,  this  function is useful to create a
                     backup file of the database file.

       The function ‘tcbdbtranbegin’ is used in order to begin the transaction
       of a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbtranbegin(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’  specifies the B+ tree database object connected as
                     a writer.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.
                     The   database   is   locked  by  the  thread  while  the
                     transaction so that only one transaction can be activated
                     with  a  database  object  at  the  same time.  Thus, the
                     serializable isolation level is assumed if every database
                     operation  is  performed in the transaction.  Because all
                     pages are cached on memory  while  the  transaction,  the
                     amount  of  referred  records  is  limited  by the memory
                     capacity.  If the database is closed during  transaction,
                     the transaction is aborted implicitly.

       The   function  ‘tcbdbtrancommit’  is  used  in  order  to  commit  the
       transaction of a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbtrancommit(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object connected  as
                     a writer.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.
                     Update in the transaction is fixed when it  is  committed
                     successfully.

       The function ‘tcbdbtranabort’ is used in order to abort the transaction
       of a B+ tree database object.

              bool tcbdbtranabort(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object connected  as
                     a writer.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.
                     Update  in  the  transaction  is  discarded  when  it  is
                     aborted.   The  state  of  the  database is rollbacked to
                     before transaction.

       The function ‘tcbdbpath’ is used in order to get the file path of a  B+
       tree database object.

              const char *tcbdbpath(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     The  return  value  is  the  path of the database file or
                     ‘NULL’ if the object does not  connect  to  any  database
                     file.

       The  function ‘tcbdbrnum’ is used in order to get the number of records
       of a B+ tree database object.

              uint64_t tcbdbrnum(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     The return value is the number of records  or  0  if  the
                     object does not connect to any database file.

       The  function  ‘tcbdbfsiz’  is  used  in  order  to get the size of the
       database file of a B+ tree database object.

              uint64_t tcbdbfsiz(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     The return value is the size of the database file or 0 if
                     the object does not connect to any database file.

       The  function ‘tcbdbcurnew’ is used in order to create a cursor object.

              BDBCUR *tcbdbcurnew(TCBDB *bdb);bdb’ specifies the B+ tree database object.
                     The return value is the new cursor object.
                     Note  that   the   cursor   is   available   only   after
                     initialization    with   the   ‘tcbdbcurfirst’   or   the
                     ‘tcbdbcurjump’  functions  and  so  on.   Moreover,   the
                     position  of  the  cursor  will  be  indefinite  when the
                     database is  updated  after  the  initialization  of  the
                     cursor.

       The  function ‘tcbdbcurdel’ is used in order to delete a cursor object.

              void tcbdbcurdel(BDBCUR *cur);cur’ specifies the cursor object.

       The function ‘tcbdbcurfirst’ is used in order to move a  cursor  object
       to the first record.

              bool tcbdbcurfirst(BDBCUR *cur);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.  False is returned if there is no  record  in  the
                     database.

       The function ‘tcbdbcurlast’ is used in order to move a cursor object to
       the last record.

              bool tcbdbcurlast(BDBCUR *cur);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.   False  is  returned if there is no record in the
                     database.

       The function ‘tcbdbcurjump’ is used in order to move a cursor object to
       the front of records corresponding a key.

              bool tcbdbcurjump(BDBCUR *cur, const void *kbuf, int ksiz);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     ‘kbuf’ specifies the pointer to the region of the key.
                     ‘ksiz’ specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.   False  is  returned  if  there  is   no   record
                     corresponding the condition.
                     The  cursor  is set to the first record corresponding the
                     key or the next substitute if completely matching  record
                     does not exist.

       The  function  ‘tcbdbcurjump2’ is used in order to move a cursor object
       to the front of records corresponding a key string.

              bool tcbdbcurjump2(BDBCUR *cur, const char *kstr);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     ‘kstr’ specifies the string of the key.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.    False   is  returned  if  there  is  no  record
                     corresponding the condition.
                     The cursor is set to the first record  corresponding  the
                     key  or the next substitute if completely matching record
                     does not exist.

       The function ‘tcbdbcurprev’ is used in order to move a cursor object to
       the previous record.

              bool tcbdbcurprev(BDBCUR *cur);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.  False is returned if there is no previous record.

       The function ‘tcbdbcurnext’ is used in order to move a cursor object to
       the next record.

              bool tcbdbcurnext(BDBCUR *cur);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.  False is returned if there is no next record.

       The function ‘tcbdbcurput’ is used in order to insert a record around a
       cursor object.

              bool tcbdbcurput(BDBCUR *cur, const void *vbuf,  int  vsiz,  int
              cpmode);cur’ specifies the cursor object of writer connection.
                     ‘vbuf’  specifies the pointer to the region of the value.
                     ‘vsiz’ specifies the size of the region of the value.
                     ‘cpmode’  specifies  detail  adjustment:  ‘BDBCPCURRENT’,
                     which  means  that  the  value  of  the current record is
                     overwritten, ‘BDBCPBEFORE’,  which  means  that  the  new
                     record   is   inserted   before   the   current   record,
                     ‘BDBCPAFTER’, which means that the new record is inserted
                     after the current record.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is true, else, it is
                     false.  False is returned when the cursor is  at  invalid
                     position.
                     After  insertion,  the  cursor  is  moved to the inserted
                     record.

       The function ‘tcbdbcurput2’ is used in order to insert a string  record
       around a cursor object.

              bool tcbdbcurput2(BDBCUR *cur, const char *vstr, int cpmode);cur’ specifies the cursor object of writer connection.
                     ‘vstr’ specifies the string of the value.
                     ‘cpmode’  specifies  detail  adjustment:  ‘BDBCPCURRENT’,
                     which means that the  value  of  the  current  record  is
                     overwritten,  ‘BDBCPBEFORE’,  which  means  that  the new
                     record   is   inserted   before   the   current   record,
                     ‘BDBCPAFTER’, which means that the new record is inserted
                     after the current record.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.   False  is returned when the cursor is at invalid
                     position.
                     After insertion, the cursor  is  moved  to  the  inserted
                     record.

       The  function ‘tcbdbcurout’ is used in order to remove the record where
       a cursor object is.

              bool tcbdbcurout(BDBCUR *cur);cur’ specifies the cursor object of writer connection.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.   False  is returned when the cursor is at invalid
                     position.
                     After deletion, the cursor is moved to the next record if
                     possible.

       The  function  ‘tcbdbcurkey’  is  used  in  order to get the key of the
       record where the cursor object is.

              char *tcbdbcurkey(BDBCUR *cur, int *sp);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     ‘sp’ specifies the pointer to the variable into which the
                     size of the region of the return value is assigned.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value is the pointer to the
                     region of  the  key,  else,  it  is  ‘NULL’.   ‘NULL’  is
                     returned when the cursor is at invalid position.
                     Because an additional zero code is appended at the end of
                     the region of the return value, the return value  can  be
                     treated as a character string.  Because the region of the
                     return value is allocated  with  the  ‘malloc’  call,  it
                     should  be  released  with  the ‘free’ call when it is no
                     longer in use.

       The function ‘tcbdbcurkey2’ is used in order to get the key  string  of
       the record where the cursor object is.

              char *tcbdbcurkey2(BDBCUR *cur);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     If successful, the return value is the string of the key,
                     else, it is ‘NULL’.  ‘NULL’ is returned when  the  cursor
                     is at invalid position.
                     Because  the region of the return value is allocated with
                     the ‘malloc’ call, it should be released with the  ‘free’
                     call when it is no longer in use.

       The  function  ‘tcbdbcurkey3’  is  used  in order to get the key of the
       record where the cursor object is, as a volatile buffer.

              const char *tcbdbcurkey3(BDBCUR *cur, int *sp);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     ‘sp’ specifies the pointer to the variable into which the
                     size of the region of the return value is assigned.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value is the pointer to the
                     region of  the  key,  else,  it  is  ‘NULL’.   ‘NULL’  is
                     returned when the cursor is at invalid position.
                     Because an additional zero code is appended at the end of
                     the region of the return value, the return value  can  be
                     treated as a character string.  Because the region of the
                     return value is volatile and it may be spoiled by another
                     operation of the database, the data should be copied into
                     another involatile buffer immediately.

       The function ‘tcbdbcurval’ is used in order to get  the  value  of  the
       record where the cursor object is.

              char *tcbdbcurval(BDBCUR *cur, int *sp);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     ‘sp’ specifies the pointer to the variable into which the
                     size of the region of the return value is assigned.
                     If successful, the return value is  the  pointer  to  the
                     region  of  the  value,  else,  it  is ‘NULL’.  ‘NULL’ is
                     returned when the cursor is at invalid position.
                     Because an additional zero code is appended at the end of
                     the  region  of the return value, the return value can be
                     treated as a character string.  Because the region of the
                     return  value  is  allocated  with  the ‘malloc’ call, it
                     should be released with the ‘free’ call  when  it  is  no
                     longer in use.

       The function ‘tcbdbcurval2’ is used in order to get the value string of
       the record where the cursor object is.

              char *tcbdbcurval2(BDBCUR *cur);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     If successful, the return value  is  the  string  of  the
                     value,  else,  it is ‘NULL’.  ‘NULL’ is returned when the
                     cursor is at invalid position.
                     Because the region of the return value is allocated  with
                     the  ‘malloc’ call, it should be released with the ‘free’
                     call when it is no longer in use.

       The function ‘tcbdbcurval3’ is used in order to get the  value  of  the
       record where the cursor object is, as a volatile buffer.

              const char *tcbdbcurval3(BDBCUR *cur, int *sp);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     ‘sp’ specifies the pointer to the variable into which the
                     size of the region of the return value is assigned.
                     If successful, the return value is  the  pointer  to  the
                     region  of  the  value,  else,  it  is ‘NULL’.  ‘NULL’ is
                     returned when the cursor is at invalid position.
                     Because an additional zero code is appended at the end of
                     the  region  of the return value, the return value can be
                     treated as a character string.  Because the region of the
                     return value is volatile and it may be spoiled by another
                     operation of the database, the data should be copied into
                     another involatile buffer immediately.

       The  function  ‘tcbdbcurrec’  is  used  in order to get the key and the
       value of the record where the cursor object is.

              bool tcbdbcurrec(BDBCUR *cur, TCXSTR *kxstr, TCXSTR *vxstr);cur’ specifies the cursor object.
                     ‘kxstr’ specifies the object into which the key is  wrote
                     down.
                     ‘vxstr’  specifies  the  object  into  which the value is
                     wrote down.
                     If successful, the return value  is  true,  else,  it  is
                     false.   False  is returned when the cursor is at invalid
                     position.

SEE ALSO

       tcbtest(1), tcbmttest(1), tcbmgr(1), tokyocabinet(3)